Software Quality Definitions

This glossary explains the meaning of key words and phrases that information technology (IT) and business professionals use when discussing software quality and related products. You can find additional definitions by visiting WhatIs.com or using the search box below.

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  • #

    12 factor app (twelve-factor app)

    Twelve-factor app is a methodology for building distributed applications that run in the cloud and are delivered as a service. The approach was developed by Adam Wiggins, the co-founder of Heroku, a platform-as-a-service which is now part of Salesforce.com.

  • 3-tier application architecture

    A 3-tier application architecture is a modular client-server architecture that consists of a presentation tier, an application tier and a data tier.

  • A

    acceptance testing

    Acceptance testing is a quality assurance (QA) process that determines to what degree an application meets end users' approval.

  • Agile retrospective

    An Agile retrospective is a meeting that's held at the end of an iteration in Agile software development.

  • Agile software development

    Agile is a type of software development methodology that anticipates the need for flexibility and applies a level of pragmatism to the delivery of the finished product.

  • alpha testing

    Alpha testing is the initial phase of validating whether a new product will perform as expected.

  • Apache JMeter

    Apache JMeter is an open source, Java-based load testing tool that can analyze the functional behavior of a system and measure the performance of a system under a load test.

  • application

    An application, also referred to as an application program or application software, is a computer software package that performs a specific function directly for an end user or, in some cases, for another application.

  • application firewall

    An application firewall is an enhanced firewall that limits access by applications to the operating system (OS) of a computer... (Continued)

  • application lifecycle management (ALM)

    Application lifecycle management (ALM) is an integrated system of people, tools and processes that supervise a software application from its initial planning and development, through testing and maintenance, and into decommissioning and retirement.

  • application platform

    An application platform is a framework of services that applications rely on for standard operations.

  • application security

    Application security, or appsec, is the practice of using security software, hardware, techniques, best practices and procedures to protect computer applications from external security threats.

  • artifact (software development)

    An artifact is a byproduct of software development that helps describe the architecture, design and function of software.

  • automated testing

    Automated testing is a software testing technique that automates the process of validating the functionality of software and ensures it meets requirements before being released into production.

  • B

    behavior-driven development (BDD)

    Behavior-driven development (BDD) is an Agile software development methodology in which an application is documented and designed around the behavior a user expects to experience when interacting with it.

  • best practice

    A best practice is a standard or set of guidelines that is known to produce good outcomes if followed.

  • BizDevOps (Business, Development and Operations)

    BizDevOps, also known as DevOps 2.0, is an approach to software development that encourages developers, operations staff and business teams to work together so the organization can develop software more quickly, be more responsive to user demand and ultimately maximize revenue.

  • black box (black box testing)

    Black box testing assesses a system solely from the outside, without the operator or tester knowing what is happening within the system to generate responses to test actions.

  • bug

    In computer technology, a bug is a coding error in a computer program.

  • build

    In a programming context, a build is a version of a program that, as a rule, is a pre-release version and is identified by a build number rather than by a release number.

  • build server

    A build server is a machine on which a software project can be continuously built from changes that are committed to the repository.

  • C

    cache thrash

    Cache thrash is caused by an ongoing computer activity that fails to progress due to excessive use of resources or conflicts in the caching system.

  • Capability Maturity Model (CMM)

    The Capability Maturity Model (CMM) is a methodology used to develop and refine an organization's software development process.

  • citizen development

    Citizen development is a business process that encourages non-IT-trained employees to become software developers, using IT-sanctioned low-code/no-code (LCNC) platforms to create business applications.

  • collaboration diagram

    A collaboration diagram, also known as a communication diagram, is an illustration of the relationships and interactions among software objects in the Unified Modeling Language (UML).

  • continuous integration (CI)

    Continuous integration (CI) is a software development practice in which frequent, isolated changes are immediately tested and reported on when they're added to a larger codebase.

  • continuous quality

    Continuous quality is a systematic approach to finding and fixing software defects during all phases of the software development cycle.

  • cookie

    A cookie is information that a website puts on a user's computer.

  • cross-browser testing

    Cross-browser testing, also called browser testing, is a quality assurance (QA) process that checks whether a web-based application, site or page functions as intended for end users across multiple browsers and devices.

  • cruft

    Cruft is the elements of a program, system or product that are either useless, poorly designed or both. In computing, cruft describes areas of redundant, improper or simply badly written code, as well as old or inferior hardware and electronics. Cruft may also be used to describe a group of hackers, like a pod of whales, exultation of larks or murder of crows. (Continued...)

  • D

    daily stand-up meeting

    A daily stand-up meeting is a short organizational meeting that is held each day.

  • debugging

    Debugging, in computer programming and engineering, is a multistep process that involves identifying a problem, isolating the source of the problem and then either correcting the problem or determining a way to work around it.

  • dependency checking

    Dependency checking is a function that is performed to ensure that all pre-requisites for a given run-time image are present.

  • development environment

    In software, web and mobile application development, the development environment is a workspace with a set of processes and programming tools used to develop the source code for an application or software product.

  • device cloud

    A device cloud is a mobile testing environment that enables developers to remotely evaluate the performance of applications on a wide range of smart devices.

  • DevOps Dojo

    DevOps Dojos provide software developers and operations engineers with an immersive learning environment where team members can gain practical work experience without having to worry about introducing errors into the production environment.

  • Disciplined Agile Delivery (DAD)

    Disciplined Agile Delivery (DAD) is a scalable Agile software delivery framework. It takes a people-first, learning-oriented approach to software development and delivery.

  • dynamic application security testing (DAST)

    A dynamic application security test (DAST) is a program used by developers to analyze a web application (web app), while in runtime, and identify any security vulnerabilities or weaknesses.

  • software documentation

    In the software development process, software documentation is the information that describes the product to the people who develop, deploy and use it.

  • E

    end-to-end testing

    End-to-end (E2E) testing is a software testing methodology that verifies the working order of a software product in a start-to-finish process.

  • exception handling

    Exception handling is the process of responding to unwanted or unexpected events when a computer program runs.

  • F

    fault injection testing

    Fault injection is a testing process which deliberately introduces errors to a system to ensure the system can withstand the error and recover.

  • feature-driven development (FDD)

    Feature-driven development (FDD) is an Agile software development methodology that can be used by development teams and managers with the intention of bringing a steady, continuous flow of new features to users at a set time.

  • finite element analysis (FEA)

    Finite element analysis (FEA) is the use of calculations, models and simulations to predict and understand how an object might behave under various physical conditions.

  • functional specification

    A functional specification is a formal document used to describe a product's intended capabilities, appearance, and interactions with users in detail for software developers.

  • functional testing

    Functional testing is a process used to evaluate software during development to ensure that it meets the application's intended requirements and specifications.

  • G

    Gantt chart

    A Gantt chart is a horizontal bar chart developed as a production control tool in 1917 by Henry L. Gantt, an American engineer and social scientist.

  • garbage in, garbage out (GIGO)

    Garbage in, garbage out, or GIGO, refers to the idea that in any system, the quality of output is determined by the quality of the input.

  • green software

    Green software, also known as sustainable software, is software that is designed, developed and implemented to limit energy consumption and have minimal environmental impact.

  • H

    happy path testing

    Happy-path testing is a type of software testing that uses known input and produces an expected output. Also referred to as golden-path or sunny-day testing, the happy-path approach is tightly scripted. The happy path does not duplicate real-world conditions and verifies only that the required functionality is in place and functions correctly.

  • histogram

    A histogram is a type of chart that shows the frequency distribution of data points across a continuous range of numerical values.

  • hybrid application (hybrid app)

    A hybrid app is a software application that combines elements of both native apps and web applications.

  • Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)

    Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) is a protocol that secures communication and data transfer between a user's web browser and a website.

  • I

    integrated development environment (IDE)

    An integrated development environment (IDE) is a software suite that consolidates basic tools required to write and test software.

  • integration testing or integration and testing (I&T)

    Integration testing -- also known as integration and testing (I&T) -- is a type of software testing in which the different units, modules or components of a software application are tested as a combined entity.

  • iteration

    In agile software development, an iteration is a single development cycle, usually measured as one week or two weeks. (Continued...)

  • iterative

    In the world of IT and computer programming, the adjective iterative refers to a process where the design of a product or application is improved by repeated review and testing.

  • iterative development

    Iterative development is a way of breaking down the software development lifecycle (SDLC) of a large application into smaller chunks.

  • J

    Jenkins

    Jenkins is an open source continuous integration/continuous delivery and deployment (CI/CD) automation software DevOps tool written in the Java programming language.

  • Jira

    Jira is an application lifecycle management (ALM) tool from Atlassian that provides different packages to suit various customer needs.

  • joint application development (JAD)

    Joint application development, frequently shortened to JAD, is a methodology that involves the client or end user in the design and development of a software application through a succession of collaborative workshops called JAD sessions.

  • L

    LDAP injection

    LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) injection is a type of security exploit that is used to compromise the authentication process used by some websites.

  • Lean software development

    Lean software development is a concept that emphasizes optimizing efficiency and minimizing waste in the development of software.

  • living documentation

    Living documentation is a dynamic method of system documentation that provides information that is current, accurate and easy to understand.

  • low-code and no-code development platforms

    Low-code/no-code development platforms are types of visual software development environments that allow enterprise developers and citizen developers to drag and drop application components, connect them together and create mobile or web apps.

  • M

    mob programming

    Mob programming is a collaborative approach to software development in which a group of developers work together in real time on one task.

  • model-based testing

    Model-based testing (MBT) requires a test team to create a second, lightweight implementation of a software build- typically only the business logic - called the model.

  • model-driven development (MDD)

    Model-driven development (MDD) is a format to write and implement software quickly, effectively and at minimum cost.

  • MoSCoW method

    The MoSCoW method is a four-step approach to prioritizing which project requirements provide the best return on investment (ROI).

  • N

    native app

    A native application is a software program developers build for use on a particular platform or device.

  • NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology)

    NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) is a nonregulatory government agency located in Gaithersburg, Md.

  • no-code

    No-code is a software development approach that requires few, if any, programming skills to quickly build an application.

  • O

    offshore software testing

    Offshore software testing is a software development model where an organization outsources the software testing process to a service partner team located in a different country with a different time zone.

  • Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP)

    The Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) is a nonprofit foundation that provides guidance on how to develop, purchase and maintain trustworthy and secure software applications.

  • P

    pair programming

    Pair programming is an Agile software development technique originating from Extreme programming (XP) in which two developers team together and work on one computer.

  • performance testing

    Performance testing is a testing measure that evaluates the speed, responsiveness and stability of a computer, network, software program or device under a workload.

  • PERT chart

    A PERT chart, sometimes called a PERT diagram, is a project management tool used to schedule, organize and coordinate tasks within a project.

  • pigs and chickens

    Pigs and chickens is an analogy used in the Scrum software development model to define the type of role an attendee can play at a daily scrum meeting.

  • pipeline as code

    Pipeline as code is an approach to a continuous integration (CI) pipeline where the pipeline is expressed entirely in computer code.

  • polyglot programming

    Polyglot programming is the practice of writing code in multiple languages to capture additional functionality and efficiency not available in a single language.

  • product owner

    A product owner is a role on a Scrum team that is accountable for the project's outcome. The product owner is responsible for maximizing product's value by managing and optimizing the product backlog.

  • program

    In computing, a program is a specific set of ordered operations for a computer to perform.

  • Project Management Professional (PMP)

    Project Management Professional (PMP) certification is a qualification program overseen by the Project Management Institute (PMI)... (Continued)

  • Q

    quality assurance (QA)

    Quality assurance (QA) is any systematic process of determining whether a product or service meets specified requirements.

  • quality gate

    A quality gate is a milestone in an IT project that requires that predefined criteria be met before the project can proceed to the next phase.

  • R

    rapid application development (RAD)

    Rapid application development (RAD) is a model based on the concept that higher-quality products can be developed faster through more expedient processes, such as early prototyping, reusing software components and less formality in team communications.

  • rapid mobile app development (RMAD)

    Rapid mobile application development (RMAD) uses low-code/no-code programming tools to expedite the application creation process for mobile platforms.

  • regression testing

    Regression testing is a type of software test that assesses if changes to an application, or other related software components, introduce defects.

  • release

    A release is the distribution of the final version or the newest version of a software application.

  • release plan

    In agile software development, a release plan is an evolving flowchart that describes which features will be delivered in upcoming releases. (Continued...)

  • requirements analysis (requirements engineering)

    Requirements analysis (requirements engineering) is the process of determining user expectations for a new or modified product.

  • reverse-engineering

    Reverse-engineering is the act of dismantling an object to see how it works.

  • runtime

    Runtime is a piece of code that implements portions of a programming language's execution model.

  • S

    Scrum

    Scrum is a framework for project management that emphasizes teamwork, accountability and iterative progress toward a well-defined goal.

  • sequence diagram

    A sequence diagram is one of the multiple types of system interaction diagrams used within Unified Modeling Language (UML) to visually represent interactions between the objects that live within a system.

  • session ID

    A session ID, also called a session token, is a unique identifier that a web server assigns to a user for the duration of the current session.

  • shift-right testing

    Shift-right testing is a method of continuously testing software while it is in a post-production environment.

  • smoke testing

    Smoke testing, also called build verification testing or confidence testing, is a software testing method that is used to determine if a new software build is ready for the next testing phase.

  • soak testing

    Soak testing is a type of performance evaluation that gauges how an application handles a growing number of users or increasingly taxing tasks over an extended period of time.

  • software development life cycle (SDLC)

    The software development life cycle (SDLC) is a framework used in project management to describe the stages and tasks involved in each step of writing and deploying the instructions and data computers use to execute specific tasks.

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